Hamel, Malisa (2012) Coastal management. University Publications, Delhi, India. ISBN 978-81-323-3729-4
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Abstract
In some jurisdictions the terms sea defense and coastal protection are used to mean, respectively, defense against flooding and erosion. The term coastal defence is the more traditional term, but coastal management has become more popular as the field has expanded to include techniques that allow erosion to claim land. Coastal engineering, as it relates to harbours, starts with the development of ancient civilizations together with the origin of maritime traffic, perhaps before 3500 B.C. Docks, breakwaters, and other harbour works were built by hand and often in a grand scale. Some of the harbour works are still visible in a few of the harbours that exist today, while others have recently been explored by underwater archaeologists. Most of the grander ancient harbor works have disappeared following the fall of the Roman Empire. Most ancient coastal efforts were directed to port structures, with the exception of a few places where life depended on coastline protection. Venice and its lagoon is one such case. Protection of the shore in Italy, England and the Netherlands can be traced back at least to the 6th century. The ancients understood such phenomena as the Mediterranean currents and wind patterns and the wind-wave cause-effect link.
| Item Type: | Book |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | T Technology > TC Hydraulic engineering. Ocean engineering |
| Divisions: | Electronic Books |
| Depositing User: | Practical Student 02 |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Apr 2022 03:11 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Jul 2022 04:22 |
| URI: | http://odlsystem2.utm.my/id/eprint/2984 |
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