Madrigal, Mercy (2012) Vacuum engineering. White Word Publications, Delhi, India. ISBN 978-81-323-4258-8
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Abstract
Ultra-high vacuum (UHV) is the vacuum regime characterised by pressures lower than about 10−7 pascal or 100 nanopascals (10−9 mbar, ~10−9 torr). UHV requires the use of unusual materials in construction and by heating the entire system to 180°C for several hours ("baking") to remove water and other trace gases which adsorb on the surfaces of the chamber. At these low pressures the mean free path of a gas molecule is approximately 40 km, so gas molecules will collide with the chamber walls many times before colliding with each other. Almost all interactions therefore take place on various surfaces in the chamber.
| Item Type: | Book |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery |
| Divisions: | Electronic Books |
| Depositing User: | Practical Student 02 |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Feb 2022 07:32 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Jul 2022 00:32 |
| URI: | http://odlsystem2.utm.my/id/eprint/2762 |
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